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The difference between Hafs, Warsh and Qalun is a difference in how certain words are pronounced and recited. All three are authentic, mass-transmitted (mutawatir) narrations of the same Quran. Hafs narrates the reading of Asim of Kufa, while Warsh and Qalun both narrate the reading of Nafi of Madinah. Hafs is the most widespread worldwide, Warsh is common in Morocco and parts of West and North Africa, and Qalun in Libya and Tunisia.
| Hafs | Warsh | Qalun | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Narrates from | Asim (Kufa) | Nafi (Madinah) | Nafi (Madinah) |
| Where it is common | Most of the Muslim world | Morocco, West Africa | Libya, Tunisia |
| Separated madd (munfasil) | 4 or 5 counts (Shatibiyyah) | 6 counts | Short or medium |
| Plural meem before a voweled letter | Silent | Silent; joined with a waw before a hamzah | Silent or joined (both allowed) |
Qira’ah vs riwayah
A qira’ah (reading) is named after the imam reciter, such as Asim or Nafi. A riwayah (narration) is named after the student who transmitted it, such as Hafs from Asim, or Warsh and Qalun from Nafi. All ten readings are authentic; their differences are variations, not contradictions.
Which narration should I memorize?
Most learners memorize in the narration they hear around them, which for most people is Hafs. Once you master one narration, you can learn others with a qualified teacher, up to the ten readings.
Learn with an Al-Azhar teacher
At Al-Azhar Message Academy you can study Hafs, Warsh or Qalun one-to-one with teachers who are Al-Azhar graduates holding ijazah with a connected sanad. The qira’at courses are available in English, Arabic and French. Plans start at $40 per month for 8 lessons, and your first 30-minute lesson is free. See also Online Ijazah with sanad and Online Quran Classes for Adults.
Frequently Asked Questions about Hafs, Warsh and Qalun
Are Hafs and Warsh different Qurans?
No. They are different authentic ways of reciting the same Quran, transmitted with a chain back to the Prophet, peace be upon him.
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Can I get an ijazah in Warsh or Qalun?
Yes, after completing your recitation to a teacher who holds ijazah in that narration and passing the sanad exam.
Which narration is easiest for beginners?
Usually the one most common where you live; for most learners that is Hafs.
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